Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

D. K. Gautam ¹, M. R. Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Govt. Polytechnic, Hamirpur-177 030, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 M. I. T. College of Engineering and Management, Bani-174 304, Distt. Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The paper deals with water quality status in Seer stream over a stretch of 5 km for variables like biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO), etc. One dimensional water quality model Stream-I was used in the study. The study has shown that summer season is the most critical period when stream is having very less discharge. The various management options to treat wastewater of the stream have been discussed to maintain the water quality in the stream within the prescribed standards.

Keywords

Water Quality Management, Model, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen, Seer Stream.

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D. K. Gautam ¹, M. R. Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Government Polytechnic, Hamirpur-177 030, H. P., IN
2 M.I.T. College of Engineering and Management, Bani-174304, Distt. Hamirpur, H.P., IN

Abstract

Water quality of Seer stream in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh in outer Himalayan region was monitored. The study reveals that the water in stream is getting polluted by wastewater discharge from the town. The major water quality parameters of stream i.e., dissolved oxygen, BOD and coliforms are beyond the permissible limits.

Keywords

Seer Stream, Water Pollution, Water Quality, Ghumarwin Town.

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D. K. Gautam ¹, M. R. Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Government Polytechnic, Hamirpur-177 030, H. P., IN
2 MIT College of Engineering and Management, Bani-174 304, District Hamirpur, H. P., IN

Abstract

Seer is the stream in outer Himalayas, which is a sub-tributary of River Satluj. It is getting polluted due to wastewater of Ghumarwin town in District Bilaspur in Himachal Pradesh. The pollution impact is severest in the low flow months of summer. Steep slopes, pools, riffles, shallow depth and small waterfalls are the main characteristics of the stream. The stream bed consists of stones and cobbles. All the stones in the stream bed are heavily coated with a greenish layer of algae. Greenish filamentous attached algae also grow in abundance in the stream. Some aquatic plants have also been observed in the stream. The paper describes the quantification of oxygen production due to the presence of attached algae in the stream.

Keywords

Filamentous Attached Algae, Dissolved Oxygen Production, Seer Stream, Water Quality Model.

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Hari Pal Singh ¹, M. R. Sharma ¹, Quamural Hassan ¹, Naved Ahsan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

World-wide pressure on water resources is increasing due to population growth, groundwater mining and climate change. Domestic and agricultural water usage is a significant component of water demand. Himachal Pradesh is experiencing drought like situations since last decade. The intensity of drought is increasing year after year for the past six years. The state is facing serious water shortage problem during the summers. The rainwater harvesting can be implemented as a viable alternative to conventional water supply or on-farm irrigation projects. The water can be stored either in a storage tank or in a soil media as groundwater. The rainwater can be harvested using eco-friendly low cost technologies such as UV-resistant plastic lined ponds, ferro-cement tanks, RCC tanks, etc. and used for multiple purposes. An attempt has been to highlights the various rain water harvesting methods that can be used effectively to augment the water supply position in Himachal Pradesh. There is need to change some existing policies relating to water management to tackle the water shortage during scarcity.

Keywords

Rainwater Harvesting, Water Resources, Himachal Pradesh.

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Hari Pal Singh ¹, M. R. Sharma ², Quamural Hassan ¹, Naved Ahsan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, IN
2 MIT College of Engineering and Management, Bani-174 304, District Hamirpur, H. P., IN

Abstract

Water is a marvellous and unique substance which is very essential for life on earth. Water has been regarded as an essential commodity since time immemorial, and all the ancient civilizations settled and developed close to a source of water. But the steady increase in human population, widespread technological modernization, and new and unsustainable lifestyle have invited calamity in the form of water scarcity. This paper examines the traditional water resources in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, which is blessed with varied and bountiful natural water resources such as baories, wells, khads, nalas, nawns, chhrudus, khatries, etc. However, this study has revealed that about 18% of the traditional water resources are in disuse, many of them dying a natural death due to poor maintenance, non-repair and the availability of modern facilities such as hand pumps and piped water supply. The study also reveals that the water in 60% wells, 55% baories and 36% khatries is contaminated and not fit for human consumption. There is an urgent need to develop policies and programmes for the revival of the traditional water resources, so as to combat the problem of increasing water scarcity.

Keywords

Traditional Drinking Water Resources, Baories, Khatries, Himachal Pradesh.

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M. R. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 M.G. Institute of Engineering and Technology, Badhu, Tehsil Chachyot, Distt. Mandi-175 028, H.P., IN

Abstract

The study deals with the analysis of waters from traditional sources of drinking water like wells, baories and khatries in the Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh. Average pH value of the samples for the wells and baories is less than 7.0, but more than 7.0 for khatries. The average value of electrical conductivity for the wells and baories is much higher than the value for the khatries. Total alkalinity value for all the sources is almost the same. The total hardness value for the khatries is slightly more than the value for the wells and baories. The chloride content for the khatries is slightly higher than the value for the wells and baories. The calcium value of khatries is slightly higher than wells and baories. Bacteriological contamination is more in wells and baories than khatries. The water in 60% wells, 55% baories and 36% khatries is contaminated and not fit for human consumption.

Keywords

Drinking Water Sources, Water Quality, Dug Wells, Baories, Khatries.

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